Function and Types of Dampers on Heavy Equipment
Function and Types of Dampers on Heavy Equipment
Function of Dampers
Dampers are installed on the engine flywheel to increase or improve the reliability and durability of power train components by absorbing twisting vibrations caused by changes in engine torque during acceleration/deceleration or when operating under heavy loads. These vibrations need to be reduced or even eliminated so that they are not transmitted to the power train, allowing the power train components to last longer.
Working Principle of a Damper
The working principle of a damper can be explained as follows: If a load is suspended at the end of a spring (as shown in the picture below), then if the load is pulled downward and then released, the load will move up and down rapidly. The up-and-down motion of the load will be difficult to stop or can be illustrated by the graph below.
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| image-of-weightlifting-without-a-damper |
However, if a spring is reinstalled on the load and attached to the wall (as shown in the picture below), the resulting vibration can be reduced.
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| image of weight movement with a damper |
Type of Damper
There are two types of dampers used in Komatsu to absorb those vibrations, namely:
A. SPRING DAMPER
This damper uses a torsion spring to absorb vibrations, where the disc is attached to the flywheel so that when the engine starts, the damper disc immediately rotates.
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| image-spring-damper |
The rotation of this damper disc will pull the torsion spring, and then the torsion spring will cause the friction plate to rotate, making the splined hub also rotate, turning the output shaft. Units that use this type of damper include D21, D31, D41.
B. RUBBER DAMPER.
The construction is as shown in the picture below, where the outer body is attached to the flywheel. The output shaft is mounted on the inner body (splined), while a rubber cushion is installed between the outer body and the inner body. The engine power is transferred to the flywheel and outer body (6), and then the rubber cushion (7) dampens the engine vibrations.
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| image-rubber-damper |
The engine power is then transmitted through the inner body (8) to the output shaft (2). From here, the engine power is transmitted through the coupling to the torque converter. This type of damper is used in WA500, WA800, HD325, HD785, D375 A-2, D475 A-2 units, and so on.
Hopefully, this material can broaden your knowledge and understanding. Thank you.
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